Publications: Scientific

This is a combined list for journal articles, conference papers and abstracts, and books or book chapters resulting from research at TCNL by current senior staff Kurt Kaczmarek, Mitchell Tyler, or Yuri Danilov. Selected, significant historical or related publications by these individuals or by TCNL founder Paul Bach-y-Rita are also included to the extent that they intersect TCNL's current mission. This list is therefore abridged. For a complete list of publications by each investigator, please see:

TCNL Senior Staff or Paul Bach-y-Rita

Updated 8/14/2009

Journal articles

• Bach-y-Rita, P., Collins, C.C., Saunders, F., White, B. and Scadden, L. (1969). Vision substitution by tactile image projection. Nature 221:963-964.
• White, B.W., Saunders, F.A., Scadden, L., Bach-y-Rita, P., and Collins, C.C. (1970).  Seeing with the skin. Perception and Psychophysics 7:23-27.
• Collins, C.C. and Bach-y-Rita, P. (1973). Transmission of pictorial information through the skin. Advan. Biol. Med. Phys.14:285-315.
• Bach-Y-Rita, P. (1981). Brain plasticity as a basis of the development of rehabilitation procedures for hemiplegia.  Scand.  J. Rehab.  Med. 13:73-83.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1981).Central nervous system lesions: Sprouting and unmasking in rehabilitation.  Arch.  PM&R, 62:413-417.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1983).Tactile vision substitution: past and future.  Intern.  J. Neuroscience 19:29-36.
• Kaczmarek, K., Bach-y-Rita, P., Tompkins, W. and Webster, J. (1985). A tactile vision-substitution system for the blind: Computer-controlled partial image sequencing, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. BME-32, pp. 602-608
• Epstein, W., Hughes, B., Schneider, S. and Bach-y-Rita, P. (1986). Is there anything out there?: A study of distal attribution in response to vibrotactile stimulation. Perception 15:275-284.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1987). Brain plasticity as a basis of sensory substitution. J. Neuro. Rehab. 2:67-71.
• Frisken-Gibson, S., Bach-y-Rita, P. Tompkins, W.J. and Webster, J.G. (1987). A 64-solenoid, four-level fingertip search display for the blind.  IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 34:963-965.
• Miletic, G., Hughes, B. and Bach-y-Rita, P. (1988). Vibrotactile stimulation: an educational program for spatial concept development. J. Vis. Impair. and Blindness 366-370, Nov.
• Epstein, W., Hughes, B., Schneider, S.L. and Bach-y-Rita, P. (1989). Perceptual learning of spatiotemporal events: evidence from an unfamiliar modality. J. Exper. Psychol., Human Percept. & Performance 15:28-44.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1990). Receptor plasticity and volume transmission in the brain: emerging concepts with relevance to neurologic rehabilitation. J. Neurol. Rehab. 4:121-128.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1990). Three-dimensional spatial graphics for blind computer   users. In Access to Visual Computer Information by Blind Persons, EEC       Community Concerted Action on Technology and Blindness, Technical             University of Berlin; K. Fellbaum (ed.), 81-85.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Kramer, K.M., Webster, J.G. and Radwin, R.G.(1991). A 16-channel 8-parameter waveform electrotactile stimulation system. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 38, pp. 933-943.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Webster, J.G., Bach-y-Rita, P. and Tompkins, W.J. (1991). Electrotactile and vibrotactile displays for sensory substitution systems. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 38, pp. 1-16
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Webster, J.G. and Radwin, R.G. (1992). Maximal dynamic range electrotactile stimulation waveforms. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 39, pp. 701-715.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1993). Neurotransmission in the brain by diffusion through the extracellular fluid. NeuroReport 4:343-350.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1993). Nonsynaptic diffusion neurotransmission (NDN) in the brain. Neurochem. Int. 23:297-318.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1994). The brain beyond the synapse: A review.         NeuroReport, 5,1553-1557.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1996). Nonsynaptic diffusion neurotransmission and     brain plasticity. The Neuroscientist 5, 1-3.
• Barfield, W., Hendrix, C., Bjorneseth, O., Kaczmarek, K.A. and Lotens, W. (1996). Comparison of human sensory capabilities with technical specifications of virtual environment equipment. Presence, vol. 4, pp. 329-356.
• Bach-y-Rita, P., Kaczmarek, K.A., Tyler, M.E., Garcia-Lara, J. (1998).  Form Perception with a 49-Point Electrotactile Stimulus Array on the Tongue.  J. of Rehab. Research & Develop., Oct.-Nov.
• Kaczmarek, K.A. (2000).  Electrotactile adaptation on the abdomen: Preliminary results. IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng., vol.8, pp. 499-505.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Tyler, M.E., Brisben, A.J. and Johnson, K.O. (2000). Afferent neural response to electrotactile stimuli: Preliminary results.  IEEE Trans. on Rehab. Engr. 8:2, pp 268-270.
• Bach-y-Rita, P., & Kercel, S. W. (2003). Sensory Substitution and the Human-Machine Interface. TICS, 7, 541-546.
• Bach-y-Rita, P., Tyler, M.E., & Kaczmarek, K.A., (2003). Seeing with the Brain. International Journal on Human-Computer Interaction: Special Edition on Mediated Reality. 15:2, pp. 285-296
• Kaczmarek, K. A. and Haase, S. J. (2003). Pattern identification and perceived stimulus quality as a function of stimulation waveform on a fingertip-scanned electrotactile display. IEEE Trans. Neural Sys. Rehab. Eng. 11, 9-16.
• Tyler, M., Danilov Y.P., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2003). Closing an open-loop control system: vestibular substitution through the tongue. J. Integr. Neurosci. 2, 2
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (2004). Is It Possible to Restore Function With Two Percent Surviving Neural Tissue? J. Integrative Neurosci. 3(1): 3-6.
• Bach-y-Rita, P., Danilov Y.P., Tyler M.E., Grimm, R.J. (2005). Late Human Brain Plasticity: Vestibular Substitution with a Tongue BrainPort Human-Machine Interface. J Intellectica. 40, pp. 115-122.
• Danilov, Y. & Tyler, M. (2005). BrainPort: an alternative input to the brain. Journal of Integrated Neuroscience. 4, 4, pp.1-14.
• Haase, S. J. and Kaczmarek, K. A. (2005), Electrotactile perception of scatterplots on the fingertips and abdomen. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 43, 283-289.
• Kim, D., Tyler, M.E., Beebe, D.J. (2005). Development of a Tongue-Operated Switch Array as an Alternative Input Device. Internat. Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 18(1), 19-38. Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Nammi, K.K., Agarwal, A.K., Tyler, M.E., Haase, S.J., Beebe, D.J. (2006). Polarity effect in electro-vibration for tactile display.IEEE J. Transact. BME, 53:10, pp. 2047-54.
• Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., Skinner, K.L., Hogle, R.A., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2007). Efficacy of electrotactile vestibular substitution in patients with peripheral and central vestibular loss. J. Vestib. Research, Vol. 17, No. 2-3, pp 119-130.
• Schaning, M.A. and Kaczmarek, K.A. (2008). A high-voltage bipolar voltage-to-current converter (HVB-VIC) for use in electrotactile stimulation. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 55, pp. 2433-2443.
• Lozano, C.L., Kaczmarek, K.A. and Santello, M. (2009). Electrotactile stimulation on the tongue: Intensity perception, discrimination and cross-modality estimation. Somat. Mot. Res. vol. 26, no. 2-3, pp. 50-63.

Conference papers, abstracts, and posters

• Kaczmarek, K.A., Bach-y-Rita, P., Tompkins, W.J. and Webster, J.G. (1984). A time-division multiplexed tactile vision substitution system.  Proc. Symp. Biosensors, Los Angeles, IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., pp. 101-106.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Bach-y-Rita, P., Tompkins, W.J. and  Webster, J.G. (1984). Multiplexed tactile-vision substitution system (abstract). Technology for Disabled Persons Conf., Chicago, Oct. 1–3
• Kaczmarek, K.A., and Webster, J.G. (1989). Voltage–current characteristics of the electrotactile skin–electrode interface.  in Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Seattle, WA, Y. Kim and F. A. Spelman, Ed., vol. 11, IEEE. pp. 1526-1527.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Webster, J.G. and Radwin, R.G. (1990). Periodic variations in the electrotactile sensation threshold. in Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Philadelphia, PA, P. C. Pedersen and B. Onaral, Ed., vol. 12, IEEE. pp. 1060-1061.
• Tyler, M.E. (1990).  Tactile devices and perception.  Handbook on State-of-the-Art Technologies: Supplement to the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Aids for the Visually Impaired.   Trace Research & Development Center, U.W.-Madison, WI. 
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Webster, J.G. and Radwin, R.G. (1992). Maximal dynamic range electrotactile stimulation waveforms. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 39, pp. 701-715.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Tyler, M.E., and Bach-y-Rita, P. (1994). Electrotactile haptic display on the fingertips: Preliminary results. in Proc. 16th Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Baltimore, IEEE. pp. 940-941.
• Antonino, P.H.D., and Kaczmarek, K. (1994). The influence of parallel current pathways in the electrotactile sensation threshold: Application to fingertip haptic display. in World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, UK, pp. 873.
• Beebe, D.J., Hymel, C.M., Kaczmarek, K.A. and Tyler, M.E. (1995). A polyimide-on-silicon electrostatic fingertip tactile display. in Proc. 17th Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Montreal, Canada, IEEE.  pp. 1545-1546.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., Tyler, M.E. and Bach-y-Rita, P. (1997). Pattern identification on a fingertip-scanned electrotactile display. in Proc. 19th Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Chicago, IEEE. pp. 1694-1697.
• Kaczmarek, K.A.  Bach-y-Rita, P. and Tyler, M.E. (1998). Electrotactile pattern perception on the tongue. in 1998 Annu. Fall Mtg. Biomed. Eng. Soc., Cleveland, OH, vol. 26, Supp. 1, BMES. pp. S-131.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. Kaczmarek, K.A. and Meier, K. (1998). The tongue as a man-machine interface: A wireless communication system. in Proc. Int. Symp. Info. Theory & Apps., Mexico City. 79-81.
• Danilov, Y. (1998). The structural and functional plasticity of the subcortical visual receptive fields. Abstracts of Biomedical Simulations Resource workshop, November
• Ostrom, N.P., Kaczmarek, K.A. and Beebe, D.J. (1999). A microfabricated electrocutaneous tactile display. 21st Annu. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Atlanta, Georgia. p. 838.
• Kaczmarek, K.A. and Tyler, M.E. (2000). Effect of electrode geometry and intensity control method on comfort of electrotactile stimulation on the tongue. Proc. ASME Dyn. Sys. Contr. Div., Orlando, Florida, pp. 1239-1243
• Agarwal, A.K., Kim, D., Delisle, M., Tang, H., Tyler, M.E, Beebe, D.J., (2001). Two-way communication through an oral-based tactile interface: Preliminary results.  Proc. 23rd Annual Int. Conf. of IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc.; Istanbul, Turkey; October 19-25.
• Droessler, N., Tyler, M.E., Hall, D., & Ferrier, N.J. (2001). Sensory feedback from a robotic gripper through an tongue-based tactile interface: Preliminary results. Proc. 23rd Annual Int. Conf. of IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Istanbul, Turkey; October 19-25.
• Agarwal, K., Nammi, K., Kaczmarek, K.A., Tyler, M.E. and Beebe, D.J. (2002). A hybrid natural/artificial electrostatic actuator for tactile stimulation. 2nd Annnu. Int. IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechn. Med. & Biol. pp. 341-345.
• Tyler, M. E., Haase, S. J., Kaczmarek, K. A. and Bach-y-Rita, P. (2002).  Development of an electrotactile glove for display of graphics for the blind: Preliminary Results. Proc. 2nd Joint Conf. IEEE EMBS and Biomed. Eng. Soc.pp. 2439-2440.
• Haase, S. J. and Kaczmarek, K. A. (2002). Perception of correlation via electrotactile displays. Proc. 43rd Annu. Mtg. Psychonom. Soc.
• Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2003) Effects of electrotactile vestibular substitution on bilateral vestibular dysfunction subjects. BMES Annual Fall Meeting, Proc. of the 2003 Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, October 23-28, Nashville, TN.
• Danilov, Y., Tyler, M., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2003) Analysis of head stability in normal and bilateral vestibular dysfunction subjects. J. Neurosci. Abstr. 268.5 (Abstract Viewer online)
• Danilov, Y. (2004) Vestibular substitution for posture control, In.: Innovations technologiques et Handicap, Actes des Entretiens de l'Institut Garches, eds: F. Lofaso, JF Ravaud et A. Roby-Brami, Frison-Roche, Paris pp. 216-225
• Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2004) Asymmetry of head and body interactions during posture control in patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction. Proceedings of the 34th International Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience; Oct 23-28; San Diego, CA. Program No. 867.1.
• Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2004). Effects of electrotactile head-based feedback on subjects with bilateral vestibular dysfunction. J Vestib Res. 14(special issue):187. Abstract O193
• Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2004). Effects of electrotactile head-based feedback on subjects with bilateral vestibular dysfunction, Barany Society, XXIII International congress, Paris
• Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2004). Spectral analysis of head based stabilogram in young and elderly subjects.   Society for Neuroscinece Meeting
• Danilov, Y., Tyler, M., Bach-y-Rita, P., Black, F.O. (2005). Effects of electrotactile vestibular substitution: pilot study. September. AAPM&R meeting.
• Black, F.O., Wood, S.J., Bach-Y-Rita, P., Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., Stallings, V.J. (2005). Electrotactile Sensory Supplementation of Gravitoinertial References to Optimize Sensori-Motor Recovery of Postural Stability in Bilateral Vestibular Loss Subjects. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Midwinter Research Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. Feb 19-24; New Orleans, LA. (Poster).
• Danilov, Y., Tyler, M., Kamm, K., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2005). Surprising tongue: effects of electrotactile sensory substitution. AChemS XXVII, Chem. Senses.  30:A64..
• Tyler, M.E., Braun, J.G., Danilov, Y.,P. (2005). Spatial Mapping of Electrotactile Sensation Threshold and Intensity Range on the Human Tongue, IEEE 
• Danilov, Y. P., Skinner, K. L., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2006). Combined effect of electrotactile sensory substitution and cranial nerve stimulation in patients with central balance and movement disorders. Preliminary results, Society for Neuroscience meeting, Atlanta. poster 599.20.
• Danilov, Y. P., Tyler, M. E., Skinner, K. L., Bach-y-Rita, P. (2006). Efficacy of electrotactile vestibular substitution in patients with bilateral vestibular and central balance loss, EMBS meeting, New York, August 28 – September 3.
• Tyler, M.E., Skinner, K.L., Danilov, Y.P. (2006). Investigation of Effect of BrainPort Balance Device Training on Performance in Subjects with Chronic Balance Dysfunction Due to Vestibulo-Cerebellar Damage. Abstracts of the 29th Annual Mid-Winter Research Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. Feb 5-9; Baltimore, MD.
• Skinner, K.L., Danilov, Y.P. (2006). Training with the BrainPortTM Balance Device has the Potential to Decrease the Risk of Falls of Elderly Patients with Vestibular Disorders.Abstracts of the 29th Annual Mid-Winter Research Meeting of the Association for Research in Stanley R.J, Skinner K.L., Danilov, Y.P. (2006). Effect of the BrainPort™ Balance Device on Patients with Mal de Debarquement Syndrome.
• Jayaraman,  Kaczmarek, K.A., Tyler, M.E., and Okpara, U.O., (2007). Effect of localized ambient humidity on electrotactile skin resistance, in Proc. Northeast BMES 2007 Conf., Stony Brook, New York, IEEE.
• Okpara, U.O., Kaczmarek, K.A. and Tyler, M.E. (2007). Two perceptual dimensions result from manipulating electrotactile current and frequency. in Proc. Northeast BMES 2007 Conf., Stony Brook, New York, IEEE.
• Wood, S.J., Tyler, M.E., Bach-y-Rita, P., MacDougall, H.G., Moore, S.R., Stallings, V.L., Paloski, W.H., Black, F.O. (2007). Influence of electrotactile tongue feedback on controlling upright stance during rotational and/or translational sway-referencing with Galvanic vestibular stimulation. Proc. of 30th Ann. Midwinter Mtg of the Assoc. for Research in Otolaryngology; Denver, CO. Feb.10-14.
• Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E. and Kaczmarek, K.A. (2008). Cranial-nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM): New approach to neurorehabilitation (abstract of poster). Int. J. Psychophysiol., vol. 69, pp. 301-302,
• Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., and Kaczmarek, K.A. (2008). Electrotactile vision: Achievements, problems and perspective (abstract of poster). Int. J. Psychophysiol., vol. 69, pp. 162-163.
• Tyler, M.E., Danilov, Y.P., Wildenberg, J.C. and Meyerand, M.E. (2008). Neural pathways in non-invasive neuromodulation.  in Proc. of Society for Neurosci. Annu. Mtg., Washington, D.C., Nov, 2008
• Wildenberg, J.C., Tyler, M.E., Danilov, Y.P. and Meyerand, M.E. (2008). Non-invasive neuromodulation (NINM) effects on cortical and sub-cortical activity as measured with BOLD-fMRI. in Proc. of Society for Neurosci. Annu. Mtg., Washington, D.C., Nov.
• Wilson, J.A., Walton, L.M., Tyler, M.E., Williams, J.C., Danilov, Y.P. and Kaczmarek, K.A. (2008). Electrotactile feedback on the tongue for a brain-computer interface. in [Neural Interface Workshop], October.
• Tyler, M.E., Braun, J.G., Danilov, Y.P. (2009). Spatial Mapping of Electrotactile Sensation Threshold and Intensity Range on the Human Tongue: Initial Results. Proc. 31st Annual Int. Conf. of IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc.; Minneapolis, MN, USA; Sept. 2-6.
• Danilov, Y. P., Tyler, M. E. and Kaczmarek, K. A. (2008). Vestibular sensory substitution using tongue electrotactile display. In Human Haptic Perception: Basics and Applications (Grunwald, M., Ed.), Birkhauser Verlag, pp. 467-480. Basel, Switzerland.
Danilov, Y.P., Tyler, M.E., Wildenberg, J.C., and Meyerand, M.E. Neural pathways in cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM), a poster given at the 2008 Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (1 MB PDF file)
Wildenberg, J.C., Tyler, M.E., Danilov, Y.P., and Meyerand, M.E. Cranial-nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) effects on cortical and sub-cortical activity as measured with BOLD-fMRI, a poster given at the 2008 Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (6 MB PDF file)
Danilov, Y., Tyler, M., Kaczmarek, K.A., and Luzzio, C. Rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis symptoms using cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM), a poster given at the 2009 Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (3 MB PDF file)

Books and book chapters

• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1975). Plasticity of the nervous system.  In Cerebral Localization, K.J. Zulch (ed.); Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 203-216.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1979). Brain Mechanisms in Sensory Substitution. Academic Press, New York, 1972.  Spanish Edition: Mecanismos Cerebrales de la Sustitucion Sensorial. Editorial Trillas, Mex.  D.F., pp. 214.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. and Hughes, B. (1985). Tactile vision substitution: some instrumentation and perceptual considerations. In Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind, D. Warren and E. Strelow (eds.); Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus-Nijhoff Pub., pp.171-186.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1988). Sensory substitution and recovery from "brain damage." In Brain Injury and Recovery: Theoretical and Controversial Issues, S. Finger, T.E. LeVere, C.R. Almi and D.G. Stein (eds.); New York: Plenum Press, pp. 323-334.
• Bach-y-Rita, P., Lazarus, J., Boyeson, M., Balliet, R. and Myers, T. (1988). Neural aspects of motor function as a basis of early and post-acute rehabilitation. In Principles and Practice of Rehabilitation Medicine, J.A. DeLisa (ed.); Philadelphia: J.P. Lippincott, pp. 175-195. 
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1989). A conceptual approach to neural recovery. In: Traumatic Brain Injury P. Bach-y-Rita (ed.); New York: Demos       Publications, pp. 81-85.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1989). (ed.). Traumatic Brain Iniury.  Demos Publications, New York, pp. 331.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1992). Volume (Extrasynaptic) Transmission. In Neuroscience Year Supplement 3 to the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, G. Adelman & B. Smith (eds.), Boston:Birkhauser Boston, pp. 174-175.
• Bach-y-Rita, P., Brown, A.W., Lazarus, J.A.C. and Balliet, R. (1993). Neural aspects of motor function as a basis of early and post-acute rehabilitation.  In  J. DeLisa (ed.), Philadelphia: J.B. Lipincott, pp. 381-403.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1995). Nonsynaptic Diffusion Neurotransmission and Late Brain Reorganization  Demos, New York.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (1995). Rehabilitation following brain damage: conceptual and practical issues. In O. Kayhan, Z. Guven, & N. Ozaras            (Eds.), Congress on Rehabilitation Medicine, (pp. 13-19). Bologna:      Monduzzi.
• Kaczmarek, K.A., and Bach-y-Rita, P. (1995).Tactile displays. in Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design, W. Barfield and T. Furness, Eds. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 349-414.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (2000). Conceptual issues relevant to present and future neurologic rehabilitation. In H. Levin & J. Grafman (Eds.), Neuroplasticity and reorganization of function after brain injury, (pp. 357-379). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Bach-y-Rita, P., & Tyler, M. (2000). Tongue man-machine interface. In J. D. Westwood, H. M. Hoffman, G. T. Mogel, R. A. Robb, & D. Stredney (Eds.), Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 2000, (pp. 17-19). Amsterdam: IOS.
• Kaczmarek, K.A. (2000). Sensory augmentation and substitution. in CRC Handbook of Biomedical Engineering,  J. D. Bronzino, Ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 143.1-143.10.
• Bach-y-Rita, P. (2002). Sensory substitution and qualia. In A. Noe & E. Thompson (Eds.), Vision and Mind (pp. 497-514). Cambridge: MIT Press.
• Bach-y-Rita, P., Kaczmarek, K. A., & Tyler, M. E. (2003). A Tongue-based Tactile Display for Portrayal of Environmental Characteristics. In L. Hettlinger & M. Haas (Eds.), Psychological Issues in the Design and Use of Virtual and Adaptive Environments., Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.